高强钢激光熔覆数值模拟与性能优化研究

张义文¹，巩师铎²，秦素文¹，王云飞²，晁耀杰¹，程延海²

1.大连长丰实业总公司

2.中国矿业大学机电工程学院

通信作者: 程延海（1977-），教授，博士生导师，研究方向：智能制造技术、极端装备制造与成形，E-mail：chyh1007@cumt.edu.cn

Investigation of Numerical Simulation and Performance Optimization of Laser Cladding on High-Strength Steel

ZHANG Yiwen ¹, GONG Shiduo ², QING Suwen ¹, WANG Yunfei ², CHAO Yaojie ¹, CHENG Yanhai ²

1.Dalian Changfeng Industrial Corporation

2.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology

Corresponding authors: Cheng Yanhai (1977-), Professor, Ph.D., Supervisor, Research Focus: Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Extreme Equipment Manufacturing and Forming, E-mail: chyh1007@cumt.edu.cn

文章历史：收稿日期：2025-03-10

摘  要

为提高高强钢的使用寿命及服役性能，选用In718粉末对高强钢表面进行了激光熔覆研究。采用瞬态热传导模型对In718在30CrMnSiA基体上的激光熔覆过程进行模拟，获得不同扫描速度条件下的熔池温度场及冷却速率分布，并在不同扫描速度（6、9、12 mm/s）下制备了熔覆涂层。利用光学显微镜和硬度计研究了激光扫描速度对熔覆涂层微观结构和硬度的影响。结果表明，当激光功率不变时，扫描速度的增加加快了凝固部分与基体间的热传导，使熔池凝固时的冷却速度加快，过冷度增大。过冷度越大，凝固产生的晶粒越细小。根据模拟结果得出，提高扫描速度可以有效减小激光熔覆的稀释率及热影响区。不同扫描速度熔覆层自顶部至底部的显微组织演变均从等轴晶变为树枝晶最后转变为平面晶。随着扫描速度的增加（6、9、12 mm/s），熔覆层晶粒逐渐细化，但其显微硬度呈下降趋势。当扫描速度为6 mm/s时，熔覆层的平均显微硬度分别较9 mm/s和12 mm/s时高出3.57%和11.7%。

Abstract

To enhance the service life and performance of high-strength steel, Inconel 718 powder was laser-clad onto its surface for remanufacturing. A transient heat conduction model was employed to simulate the laser cladding process of In718 on a 30CrMnSiA substrate. This simulation yielded the temperature field and cooling rate distribution within the molten pool under varying scanning speeds. Cladding coatings were prepared at different scanning speeds (6,9,12 mm/s). The effect of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and hardness of the cladding coating was studied by optical microscope and hardness tester. The results demonstrate that at constant laser power, increasing the scanning speed accelerates heat conduction between the solidified region and the substrate. This leads to faster cooling rates during molten pool solidification and a greater degree of undercooling, resulting in finer grain formation. Simulation results indicate that higher scanning speeds effectively reduce both the dilution rate and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in laser cladding. Microstructural evolution from the top to the bottom of the clad layers, across all scanning speeds, transitions from equiaxed grains to dendritic crystals and finally to planar crystals. Grain refinement occurs with increasing scanning speed. However, the microhardness of the clad layer decreases as the scanning speed rises. With the increase of scanning speed, the microhardness of the cladding layer decreases with the increase of scanning speed, and the average microhardness of the cladding layer at 6 mm/s is 3.57% higher than that of the 9 mm/s coating and 11.7% higher than that of the 12 mm/s coating.

关键词

激光熔覆 ; 数值模拟 ; 性能分析

Keywords

laser cladding ; numerical simulation ; performance analysis

引用本文

张义文, 巩师铎, 秦素文, 王云飞, 晁耀杰, 程延海. 高强钢激光熔覆数值模拟与性能优化研究[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2025, 25(3): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0015

ZHANG Yiwen, GONG Shiduo, QING Suwen, WANG Yunfei, CHAO Yaojie, CHENG Yanhai. Investigation of Numerical Simulation and Performance Optimization of Laser Cladding on High-Strength Steel[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2025, 25(3): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0015

中图分类号

TQ153.2

基金项目

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0201600)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021ZDPY0223)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

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