真空压铸成形AZ91D镁合金轮毂的组织及性能研究

李凝¹，沈孟锋²，褚长勇¹

1.杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院

2.杭州科技职业技术学院

通信作者: 李凝（1981-），博士，教授，主要从事智能制造、材料改性工程研究，电话：13867915971，E-mail：lintlt@126.com

Research on Microstructure and Properties of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Wheel-Hub Formed by Vacuum Die-Casting

LI Ning ¹, SHEN Mengfeng ², CHU Changyong ¹

1.Hangzhou Dianzi University Information Engineering College

2.Hangzhou Polytechnic

Corresponding authors: LI Ning (1981-), Ph.D., Professor, Research Focus: Intelligent Manufacturing and Material Modification Engineering, Tel.: 13867915971, E-mail: lintlt@126.com

文章历史：收稿日期：2025-04-07

摘  要

在国家“双碳”战略及轻量化装备制造需求的推动下，镁合金因其低密度、高比强度及成本优势成为替代传统结构材料的理想选择。然而，传统压铸工艺下镁合金易形成气孔、缩松等缺陷，严重制约其工程应用。为此，以AZ91D镁合金为研究对象，采用真空压铸快速注射成形工艺制备镁合金轮毂，通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察金属的微观组织结构；以拉伸试验测试其力学性能，并结合有限元方法揭示镁合金材料的塑性变形机理；采用电化学法测试材料的耐腐蚀性能。金相显微观察和SEM结果表明，真空压铸实现了显著的缺陷控制。细化的微观结构表现出等轴α-Mg晶粒，并伴有β-Mg17Al12相分布。力学测试结果表明，真空压铸成形试样具有优异的强度-延性协同作用，极限抗拉强度达到253.19 MPa,伸长率提高到18.74%。Tafel数据表明，合金内的致密微观结构和多势垒β相网络提高了合金的耐腐蚀性能。综上，真空压铸快速注射成形工艺可优化镁合金的组织结构，减少缺陷，提高综合性能，为镁合金在轻量化零部件制造中的应用提供了可靠的技术支持。

Abstract

Driven by China's national "Dual Carbon Strategy" and the growing demand for lightweight component design in the equipment manufacturing sector, magnesium alloys have emerged as an ideal structural material due to their advantageous combination of low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Employing AZ91D magnesium alloy as the research subject, this investigation implemented an integrated experimental protocol comprising on using vacuum die-casting with optimized rapid injection parameters to produce prototype wheel hub components. Microstructural characterization of the metal was performed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was employed to evaluate its mechanical properties, with finite element analysis (FEA) being utilized to elucidate the plastic deformation mechanisms of the magnesium alloy. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the material was assessed through electrochemical testing methods. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that vacuum die-casting achieved remarkable defect control. The refined microstructure exhibited equiaxed α-Mg grains accompanied by optimized β-Mg17Al12 phase distribution, as confirmed through TEM interfacial analysis. Mechanical testing revealed superior strength-ductility synergy, with ultimate tensile strength reaching 253.19 MPa and elongation improving to 18.74%. Crucially, the Tafel curve data indicated a 2-order-of-magnitude increase in corrosion resistance, attributed to the combined effects of dense microstructure and multi-barrier β-phase network formation. The vacuum die-casting rapid injection molding process can optimize the microstructure, reduce defects, improve overall performance of magnesium alloys. And the improvement of magnesium alloy performance can provide reliable technical support for the application of magnesium alloys in lightweight component manufacturing.

关键词

真空压铸 ; 镁合金 ; 轮毂 ; 组织性能

Keywords

vacuum die-casting ; magnesium alloy ; wheel-hub ; microstructure performance

引用本文

李凝, 沈孟锋, 褚长勇. 真空压铸成形AZ91D镁合金轮毂的组织及性能研究[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2025, 25(4): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0019

LI Ning, SHEN Mengfeng, CHU Changyong. Research on Microstructure and Properties of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Wheel-Hub Formed by Vacuum Die-Casting[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2025, 25(4): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0019

中图分类号

TG174.4

基金项目

金华市科技计划项目(2023-4-006)

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