截面样品制样方式对不同物性结构聚合物薄膜扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像的影响
李海霞，武丹婷，刘鹏，张留艳，殷陶，杨亿斌，招瑜
广东工业大学材料与能源学院
通信作者: 殷陶（1980-），博士，高级实验师，研究方向为：木质素降解产物催化加氢脱氧选择性制备芳烃和环烷烃生物航油组分，E-mail：yintao@gdut.edu.cn；
招瑜（1980-），博士，教授，研究方向为：半导体材料与器件，E-mail：zhaoyu@gdut.edu.cn
The Influence of Different Sample Preparation Methods on Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) Images of Polymer Films with Different Physical Structures
LI Haixia, WU Danting, LIU Peng, ZHANG Liuyan, YIN Tao, YANG Yibin, ZHAO Yu
School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology
Corresponding authors: YIN Tao (1980-), Ph.D., Senior Experimentalist, Research Focus: Selective Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin Degradation Products for the Production of Aromatic and Cycloalkane Components in Bio-Jet Fuel, E-mail: yintao@gdut.edu.cn;
ZHAO Yu (1980-), Ph.D., Professor, Research Focus: Semiconductor Materials and Devices, E-mail: zhaoyu@gdut.edu.cn
文章历史：收稿日期：2025-05-16
摘 要
聚合物薄膜应用前景广阔，但由于聚合物薄膜韧性较强难以制备样品截面的特点使其在SEM研究中存在一定的挑战，同时不同韧性聚合物薄膜的SEM截面样品制样的试验条件存在显著差异。为此，针对截面样品制备难题，建立了一套基于简易工具（手术刀、剪刀、镊子）的SEM截面制样方法：对韧性较强的聚丙烯隔膜（PP），采用手术刀划切、剪刀裁剪结合镊子撕裂的组合操作，配合液氮脆断预处理可实现完整截面制备；对脆性较强的聚醚砜微孔滤膜（PES），液氮环境中直接脆断或手术刀+镊子、剪刀+镊子复合操作可获优质SEM形貌，常温下同类操作亦可满足需求。对比2种材料的成像效果，证实工具组合（刀具类型与操作方式）需与材料韧性性能适配：高韧性材料需低温脆化降低形变抗力，低脆性材料则通过精准切割避免结构破坏。该制样方法快速高效无需依赖高成本精密设备即可获得清晰的聚合物SEM截面，为膜材料微观结构分析提供了经济高效的解决方案。
Abstract
Polymer thin films exhibit broad application prospects; however, their characterization via SEM presents certain challenges due to the difficulty in preparing cross-sectional samples caused by their high toughness. Moreover, the experimental conditions for preparing SEM cross-sections vary significantly among polymer films with different toughness levels. This study addresses the difficulty in preparing cross-section samples and establishes a set of SEM cross-section sample preparation methods based on simple tools (scalpel, scissors, forceps): for the tougher polypropylene (PP), a combination of scalpel cutting, scissor cutting, and forceps tearing, along with liquid nitrogen cryofracture pretreatment, can achieve complete cross-section preparation; for the more brittle polyethersulfone microporous membrane (PES), direct cryofracture in a liquid nitrogen environment, or a combination of scalpel + forceps, scissor + forceps operations, can yield high-quality SEM images. Similar operations at room temperature can also meet the requirements. Comparing the imaging effects of the two materials confirms that the tool combination (types of tools and operating methods) needs to be matched with the toughness properties of the materials: high-toughness materials require cryofracture at low temperature to reduce deformation resistance, while low-brittleness materials need precise cutting to avoid structural damage. The proposed sample preparation method is rapid, efficient, and capable of producing clear SEM cross-sectional images without reliance on high-cost precision equipment, thereby offering an economical and practical solution for microstructural analysis of membrane materials.
关键词
聚合物薄膜 ; 物性结构 ; 材料韧性性能
Keywords
polymer films ; physical structure ; material toughness properties
引用本文
李海霞, 武丹婷, 刘鹏, 张留艳, 殷陶, 杨亿斌, 招瑜. 截面样品制样方式对不同物性结构聚合物薄膜扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像的影响[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2025, 25(4): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0020
LI Haixia, WU Danting, LIU Peng, ZHANG Liuyan, YIN Tao, YANG Yibin, ZHAO Yu. The Influence of Different Sample Preparation Methods on Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) Images of Polymer Films with Different Physical Structures[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2025, 25(4): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0020
中图分类号
TN16
基金项目
教育部高等教育司产学合作协同育人项目(2024年07月批次)；广东工业大学2024年度实验教学与管理改革研究专项(202409)；2023年度广东工业大学校级实验教学示范中心项目(202304)
实验研究
