(30CrMnSiA+20A)异种材料组合凸点焊接头界面结构及性能分析

张义文¹，陈泷¹，耿佳业²，晁耀杰¹，田兵¹，张季童¹

1.大连长丰实业总公司

2.中国矿业大学机电工程学院

通信作者: 陈泷（1989-），工程师，主要从事航空装备数字化修理及制造技术研究，电话：15942493807, E-mail：chenl06@163.com;
晁耀杰（1988-），高级工程师，主要从事航空装备修复及制造相关技术研究，电话：15641182984, E-mail：chaoyaojie@163.com

Analysis of the Interface Structure and Properties of the Dissimilar Material Spot Welded Joint of 30CrMnSiA and 20A

ZHANG Yiwen ¹, CHEN Long ¹, GENG Jiaye ², CHAO Yaojie ¹, TIAN Bing ¹, ZHANG Jitong ¹

1.Dalian Changfeng Industrial Corporation

2.School of Mechatronic, CUMT

Corresponding authors: CHEN Long, Engineer, Research Focus: Digital Repair and Manufacturing Technology of Aviation Equipment, Tel.: 15942493807, E-mail: chenl06@163.com; 
CHAO Yaojie, Senior Engineer, Research Focus: Technologies Related to the Repair and Manufacture of Aviation Equipment, Tel.: 15641182984, E-mail: chaoyaojie@163.com

文章历史：收稿日期：2025-09-01

摘  要

30CrMnSiA+20A复合材料组合的凸点焊是飞机双耳螺桩连接的重要工艺，在飞机极端服役条件下，对异质连接接头的界面结构及性能提出了极高的要求。为此，对（30CrMnSiA+20A）复合材料组合进行凸点焊，并对焊接头的宏观金相组织、各微区显微组织、显微硬度分布、常温拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌进行了观察，综合分析了（30CrMnSiA+20A）组合凸点焊接头的界面结构及性能。结果表明，焊接头不同区域显微组织存在显著差异：熔核区主要为弥散分布的板条马氏体与小块状铁素体，半熔化区以铁素体和马氏体为主且因局部熔化与快速冷却呈不均匀形态，热影响区则体现成分依赖性，30CrMnSiA侧为板条马氏体与少量残余奥氏体，20A侧为单一铁素体；接头中心显微硬度最高出现在熔核区（457～536 HV），随距中心距离增大先降至1.5～2.0 mm处的438 HV左右，后回升并稳定，其中20A母材区硬度稳定在140 HV左右。接头抗拉强度与延伸率平均值分别为625.5 MPa、6.69%，断裂均发生于20A侧半熔化区，结合SEM断口分析可知，断裂模式为韧脆混合型，反映出半熔化区组织状态对断裂行为的显著调控作用。

Abstract

Projection spot welding of the 30 CrMnSiA+20A material combination is a key process for the connection of aircraft double-lug studs. Under the extreme service conditions of aircraft, extremely high requirements are put forward for the interface structure and properties of dissimilar material joints. To address this, projection spot welding was conducted on the (30 CrMnSiA+20A) material combination. Observations were made on the welded joints, including their macro metallographic structure, microstructure of each micro-region, microhardness distribution, room-temperature tensile properties, and tensile fracture morphology. Based on these observations, the interface structure and properties of the (30 CrMnSiA+20A) projection welded joints were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the microstructure of different regions of the welded joint: the fusion zone was mainly composed of dispersedly distributed lath martensite and small block ferrite; the semi-molten zone is dominated by ferrite and martensite, showing an uneven morphology due to local melting and rapid cooling; the heat-affected zone exhibits composition dependence, with the 30 CrMnSiA side consisting of lath martensite and a small amount of retained austenite, and the 20A side being single-phase ferrite. The highest microhardness at the joint center appears in the fusion zone(457～536 HV). As the distance from the center increases, the hardness first decreases to approximately 438 HV at 1.5～2.0 mm, then rises and stabilizes—among which, the hardness of the 20A base metal zone stabilizes at around 140 HV. The average tensile strength and elongation of the joint are 625.5 MPa and 6.69%, respectively. All fractures occur in the semi-molten zone on the 20A side. Combined with SEM fracture analysis, it is found that the fracture mode is ductile-brittle mixed type, which reflects the significant regulatory effect of the microstructural state of the semi-molten zone on the fracture behavior.

关键词

30CrMnSiA+20A ; 异种材料 ; 凸点焊 ; 界面结构 ; 性能 ; 分析

Keywords

30CrMnSiA+20A ; different species material ; projection spot welding ; interface structure ; performance ; analysis

引用本文

张义文, 陈泷, 耿佳业, 晁耀杰, 田兵, 张季童. (30CrMnSiA+20A)异种材料组合凸点焊接头界面结构及性能分析[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2025, 25(5): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0028

ZHANG Yiwen, CHEN Long, GENG Jiaye, CHAO Yaojie, TIAN Bing, ZHANG Jitong. Analysis of the Interface Structure and Properties of the Dissimilar Material Spot Welded Joint of 30CrMnSiA and 20A[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2025, 25(5): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0028

中图分类号

TG174.4

基金项目

辽宁省科技重大专项（2025080024-JH1/117）； 大连市优青项目（2023RY014）

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